Most commonly, when people hear the term “gastrology” (also known as gastroenterology), they immediately think of digestive problems. But this scientific field’s purview is far more expansive, covering every aspect of the digestive system, from the esophagus to the rectum. If you’ve ever wondered what a gastroenterologist does, this blog post will help you understand the illnesses and ailments that they identify and handle.
What conditions Does Gastrology cover?
Here are a few of the most typical ailments that a gastroenterologist treats:
GERD, or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Acid reflux disease (GERD) is primarily caused by reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus on a regular basis. Prolonged reflux can cause esophageal damage over time, which can result in headaches such as Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer. One of the most common conditions that gastroenterologists treat is GERD. In severe cases, they may also suggest medication, lifestyle changes, or even surgery.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. IBS can be very uncomfortable, even though it doesn’t harm the digestive system over time. Patients are often helped by gastroenterologists to manage symptoms with diet, medication, and stress management practices.
IBD, or Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are two significant conditions that are part of IBD. These are long-term illnesses that cause inflammation when the immune system unintentionally targets the digestive system. Intense diarrhea, stomach pain, exhaustion, and weight loss are examples of signs and symptoms. Medication to lessen inflammation is a common part of treating IBD However, in more severe cases, surgery might be necessary.
Celiac Disease
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye that causes an immune response that damages the small intestine in people with celiac disease, an autoimmune illness. Important vitamins cannot be absorbed as a result of this damage. Gastroenterologists use biopsies and blood tests to diagnose celiac disease, and they also help patients manage the condition by recommending a strict gluten-free diet.
Liver Diseases
Gastroenterologists are also specialists in diagnosing and treating liver conditions, such as hepatitis (A, B, C), fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. Because the liver produces bile, which is essential for digestion, any malfunction in the liver can impact the entire digestive system.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcers are sores that expand in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum, which is the first part of the small gut. Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or Helicobacter pylori infections often exacerbate these ulcers. To treat peptic ulcers, gastroenterologists prescribe antibiotics, dietary modifications, and medications that decrease stomach acid.
Gallstones
Gallstones can obstruct the bile ducts and cause pain, nausea, or even life-threatening infections. Gallstones originate inside the gallbladder. In greater extreme cases, gastroenterologists may also advise surgery to remove the gallbladder or prescribe pills to dissolve the stones.
Pancreatitis
Irritation of the pancreas, an organ essential for blood sugar regulation and food digestion, is known as pancreatitis. Gallstones and binge drinking are two possible causes of this acute or chronic condition. Hospitalization, lifestyle modifications, and occasionally surgery are all common forms of treatment.
Cancer of the Colon
A key component of a gastroenterologist’s job is screening patients for colorectal cancer, particularly with colonoscopies. Colonoscopies can help locate polyps or cancer inside the early stages, making treatment extra powerful. Additionally, gastroenterologists treat a variety of colon-related conditions, including diverticulosis and colonic polyps.
When Should you see a Gastroenterologist?
While it’s common to have occasional digestive issues like gas or heartburn, common or excessive symptoms might signal a deeper problem. It’s time to see a gastroenterologist if you have a persistent stomach ache, trouble swallowing, altered bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or blood in your stool. Early diagnosis and treatment can avert later, more severe complications.
What Conditions Fall Under Gastroenterology?
The diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the digestive system—which includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder—are the main areas of focus for gastroenterology. Acid reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, peptic ulcers, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis are among the common conditions under this specialty. Additionally, gastroenterologists treat gastrointestinal cancers, such as pancreatic or colon cancer, and use techniques like colonoscopies to detect and treat these conditions.
