1. Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAUS)
Overview
The most regularly performed form of USG gynecological scanning is transabdominal ultrasound. The probe (transducer) is put over the lower abdomen, and the sound waves are translated into images of the pelvic organs, helping in the diagnosis of various diseases.
When is it Used?
- For an initial evaluation of pelvic pain or abnormalities.
- To examine large masses in the pelvis.
- During pregnancy to monitor fetal growth and development.
- When a comprehensive view of the uterus and ovaries is needed.
Preparation
Patients are usually advised to have a full bladder during the procedure. A full bladder pushes the bowel out of the way, providing a clearer image of the pelvic organs.
Dr. Zaib Qureshi – Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist
2. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)
Overview
Transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a special probe into the vagina to get a closer and more detailed image of the reproductive organs. This type of usg gynecology scan is often used for detailed evaluation of internal structures.
When is it Used?
- To assess early pregnancy or detect ectopic pregnancies.
- For a more detailed examination of ovarian cysts, fibroids, or uterine abnormalities.
- In cases of unexplained infertility or irregular bleeding.
- To measure the endometrial thickness in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Advantages
Since the probe is closer to the organs, transvaginal ultrasound provides clearer and more detailed images compared to transabdominal ultrasound.
3. 3D and 4D Ultrasound
Overview
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound creates a volumetric image of the reproductive organs, while four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound shows real-time motion, essentially adding a time component to the 3D image.
When is it Used?
- For detailed assessment of uterine anomalies, such as septate or bicornuate uterus.
- To evaluate ovarian masses and cysts in detail.
- During pregnancy, to assess fetal development, especially facial features and limbs.
- To visualize congenital malformations of the reproductive tract.
Benefits
3D and 4D ultrasound can provide highly detailed images, which are useful for both diagnostic purposes and patient counseling.
4. Doppler Ultrasound
Overview
Doppler ultrasound, which is a highly specific usg gynecology modality, assesses intra-pelvic blood flow. It is applicable in detecting some vascular changes as well as abnormalities in circulation, which could correlate or indicate certain pathologies.
When is it Used?
- To assess blood flow in ovarian masses, helping to distinguish between benign and malignant growths.
- During pregnancy, to monitor placental and fetal blood flow.
- In the evaluation of pelvic varicosities (enlarged veins).
- For cases of ovarian torsion, where blood supply to the ovary may be compromised.
Types of Doppler Ultrasound
- Color Doppler: Provides a color-coded image of blood flow.
- Power Doppler: Offers more sensitive detection of slow blood flow.
- Spectral Doppler: Shows the flow of blood over time, useful for measuring the speed and direction of blood flow.
